考研英語真題閱讀理解試題分析

General 更新 2024年05月28日

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  考研英語閱讀原文

  Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data?

  The Supreme Court will now consider

  whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.

  California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling,

  particularly one that upsets the old assumptions that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest.

  It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.

  The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California's advice.

  Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious,

  so that the justice can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.

  They should start by discarding California's lame argument

  that exploring the contents of a smart phone — a vast storehouse of digital information is similar to say, going through a suspect's purse.

  The court has ruled that police don't violate the Fourth Amendment when they go through the wallet or pocket book, of an arrestee without a warrant.

  But exploring one's smart phone is more like entering his or her home.

  A smart phone may contain an arrestee's reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence.

  The development of "cloud computing." meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier.

  Americans should take steps to protect their digital privacy.

  But keeping sensitive information on these devices is increasingly a requirement of normal life.

  Citizens still have a right to expect private documents to remain private and protected by the Constitution's prohibition on unreasonable searches.

  As so often is the case, stating that principle doesn't ease the challenge of line-drawing.

  In many cases, it would not be overly onerous for authorities to obtain a warrant to search through phone contents.

  They could still invalidate Fourth Amendment protections when facing severe, urgent circumstances,

  and they could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered while a warrant is pending.

  The court, though, may want to allow room for police to cite situations where they are entitled to more freedom.

  But the justices should not swallow California's argument whole.

  New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution's protections.

  Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century

  with the establishment of automobile use as a digital necessity of life in the 20th:

  The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then;

  they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.

  考研英語閱讀翻譯

  憲法對你的數字資料的保護到底有多大?

  最高法院現在將會考慮

  如果手機在嫌疑人的身上或身邊,警察是否能在未經許可的前提下搜尋其手機的內容。

  加州要求法官們制止籠統的裁決,

  尤其是這個推翻以往臆斷的裁決——當局在實施逮捕時可以搜查嫌疑犯的所有物。

  加州爭辯說,要讓法官去評估日新月異的技術可能引發的後果是很難的。

  如果法院聽從了加州的建議,那它就謙遜過頭了。

  可能引發的後果都在意料之中,甚至是顯而易見的,

  因此法官們可以也應該給警察、律師和被告提供最新的指導方針。

  法官們首先就應該予以摒棄,

  智慧手機是個巨大的資料資訊倉庫,而加州關於“搜查智慧手機的內容,就像在搜查嫌疑犯的錢包”的說辭是站不住腳的。

  法院已作出判定,警察在沒有授權的前提下搜查被捕人的錢包或皮夾時,並沒有違反第四修訂案規定。

  但是搜查某人的智慧手機更像是闖進他的家。

  因為智慧手機很可能含有被捕人的閱讀歷史、財政狀況、醫療資訊和詳細的最近通訊記錄。

  而此時“雲端計算”的發展使得搜查變得更加容易。

  美國人應該採取措施保護他們的資料隱私。

  而在智慧手機上儲存敏感資訊越來越成為日常生活的需求。

  公民依然有權期望私密檔案不被人知道,遇到不正當的搜查時受到憲法保護。

  即便如此規定,但也很難幫助我們做到涇渭分明,這種事情也是時有發生。

  在很多情況下,當局很容易獲得搜查手機內容的搜查令。

  但在遭遇嚴重、緊急的情況時,他們依然會使第四修訂案失效,

  而在等待搜查令的時候,他們可以採取恰當的手段來確保手機中的資料不刪除或修改。

  法院會讓警方證明在許多情況下,他們都有權進行搜查。

  但是法官們不應該一股腦地同意加州說辭。

  新的突破性技術有時要求憲法保護的創新運用。

  法學教授奧林·科爾將21世紀的數字資訊爆炸和易獲取性

  與20世紀作為生活必需品的移動應用的建立進行了對比。

  法官那時為車廂的個人空間制定了明確的新條例;

  他們現在也就必須弄清第四修訂案該如何運用到資料資訊的保護上。

  考研英語閱讀詞語解析

  invalidate[in'vælideit]vt. 使無效,使作廢

  disruptive[dis'rʌptiv]adj. 破壞的;分裂性的;製造混亂的

  cite[sait]vt. 引用,引證,舉***例***

  establishment[is'tæbliʃmənt]n. 確立,制定,設施,機構,權威

  amendment[ə'mendmənt]n. 改善***正***, 修正案,某物質能改善土壤有助生長

  privacy['praivəsi]n. 隱私,隱居,祕密

  challenge['tʃælindʒ]n. 挑戰 v. 向 ... 挑戰

  reasonable['. 合理的,適度的,通情達理的

  sensitive['sensitiv]adj. 敏感的,靈敏的,易受傷害的,感光的,善解人意的

  obtain[əb'tein]vt. 獲得,得到


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